These programs cover both tactical training subjects and the legal and liability aspects of law enforcement. Most programs consist of a video tape and leaders guide with written quizzes for participants.

These programs are available to MIIA members only and are distributed on either an individual request basis or automatically. Our automatic distribution system sends a new program to your department every 4-6 weeks on return of previous program. Contact Mary Ann Marino at (800) 374-4405 ext. 262 or (617) 426-7272 ext. 262 for details.

NOTE: Programs LE-1 through LE-55 were produced by Alert. Inc.

LE-1. Pursuit and Defensive Driving:

A look at the highly controversial topic of pursuit driving. Discusses rules of when to engage and when not to. Demonstrates effective driving techniques during a pursuit. Emphasis on departmental policy and the way the courts view pursuits.

Objectives: To increase the awareness and basic driving skills of emergency vehicle operators. To understand all the possible ramifications of high speed pursuits. To learn the three principles of vehicle operation in pursuit driving. To learn the basic rule of driving. To understand stopping in an ABS vehicle. To learn the art of steering control. To understand the responsibilities of the pursuing officer. To recognize the importance of knowing your department’s policies regarding pursuits.

 

LE-2. Accident Scene Management:

Includes accident reconstruction, crowd control and officer safety at an accident scene. Investigation techniques are included.

Objectives: To understand the many responsibilities facing an officer responding to an accident. To be able to identify the areas of concern. To learn to recognize the concerns after arriving at a scene. To learn how to prioritize time spent investigating a scene.

 

LE-3. Crime Scene Preservation:

Major case squad members train first responders in maintaining the integrity of a crime scene. Crime scenes are visited and the officers share their procedures and results.

Objectives: To make a crime scene safe. To preserve evidence and integrity of a crime scene. To avoid contamination of a crime scene. To limit access to a scene. To carefully collect, document and log-in all presumed evidence. To find out what truthfully happened at a scene.

 

LE-4. Traffic Stops: High Risk Vehicle Contacts:

Sergeant Harvey Hedden trains in tactics and techniques for known high risk contacts.

Objectives: To understand threat assessment factors. To understand the factors that increase risk. To know the three important objectives of a high risk stop. To learn the critical importance of: back-up, contact and cover, arrest/control officer. To know proper concealment. To know how to ultimately control a high risk stop.

 

LE-5. Dynamics of the Off-Duty Encounter - Part I:

Training specialist Dave Spaulding trains in the patterns of encounter, armed confrontations and more. Spaulding has developed an off-duty safety plan that is taught in this program.

Objectives: Know that approximately 25% of all lawsuits alleging brutality against officers involves off-duty encounters. Learn the patterns of encounter. Know the off-duty safety reminders. Secondary employment concerns.

 

LE-6. Off-Duty Encounters - Part II:

Lieutenant Spaulding continues his course, this time focusing on equipment: off-duty weapons, holsters and clothing options. Field proven methods to avoid off-duty encounters are highlighted.

Objectives: Know the different kinds of off-duty weapons, holsters and clothing options. Learn of additional equipment an off-duty officer might carry. To learn various draw techniques of the off-duty weapon. To learn how to help avoid dangerous and deadly off-duty encounters. To understand liability concerns regarding off-duty encounters.

 

LE-7. Custody Care/Positional Asphyxia:

Techniques to avoid custody deaths are the focus of this program. This program is designed to help officers avoid this high liability occurrence. Officers need to know the warning signs when restraining or transporting suspects. "Asphyxia" and its causes are examined. The St. Louis City medical Examiner provides medical definitions and causes. Includes live footage of one custody death. Officers involved in a custody death tell you what went wrong and how you can avoid the same outcome.

Objectives: To examine the problem of in-custody deaths. To be able to define the terms positional asphyxia, sudden death syndrome, and agitated delirium. To explore the contributing factors leading to possible in-custody deaths. To examine possible restraining methods and instruments. To know how to safety transport individuals in cars. To understand the liabilities associated with in-custody care and transporting suspects.

 

LE-8. Straight Baton Techniques:

Defensive tactics instructors certified by leading national impact weapons systems combine techniques to bring you a comprehensive straight baton strike and defense course. The major points taught are: stance, strike points, and striking techniques. There are in-depth demonstrations of blocking techniques and defensive maneuvers with the baton.

Objectives: To learn basic straight baton blocking, striking, control and takedown techniques. To understand safe training practices. To understand when to escalate to impact weapons. To learn visual signs of aggression. To know the liability concerns associated with impact weapons use.

 

LE-9. Street Level Drug Enforcement:

Includes live footage of buy/busts with the Kenosha County Controlled Substance Unit. Street arrests and surveillance techniques are explained and shown. Also included are interviews with undercover agents who describe the do’s and don’ts of undercover buys. This program profiles the drug interaction program developed by Kenosha County and shows how to set up a program on a tight budget.

Objectives: To recognize signs of drug trafficking and gang activity. To learn how to set up and coordinate a street level drug enforcement program. To understand how to execute a safe buy/bust or sell/bust operation. To learn how to reduce property and violent crime. To understand how these operations can instill public confidence in law enforcement agencies.

 

LE-10 Community Policing Part I:

Violence in the Workplace: The program deals with need for businesses, private security and law enforcement to work together on the growing problem of violence in the workplace. Detective Tom Jost offers his dispatcher and first responder training.

Objective: To understand the problem of violence in the workplace. To learn the possible profile of a violent person in the workplace. To learn the three objectives of handling a violent confrontation. To learn to be proactive with businesses in patrol areas to offset future violent crimes in the workplace.

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LE-11 Making Your Case and Making it Stick Part I:

Voluntary Contacts and Investigative (Terry) Stops: Renowned Law Enforcement Attorney Bob Thomas and trainers describe and demonstrate the differences between using voluntary contacts as an investigative tool and seizures of persons [investigative (Terry) stop.]

Objectives: To understand the legal and practical benefits of using the voluntary contact as an investigative tool. To understand the differences between voluntary contacts and seizures of persons [investigative (Terry) stops]. To learn when investigative contacts must be justified legally and what level of justification is required. To know what kinds of words are appropriate for "voluntary contacts."

 

LE-12 Officer Stress Management II: Post Pursuit Contacts:

Live footage of a post pursuit encounter. Sergeant Kipper Connell trains in how to manage post pursuit and other high anxiety situations. Attorney Randy Means discusses the legal issues and liability risk exposure associated with these situations.

Objectives: To understand the benefits of managing citizen contacts and pursuit responses. To realize that actions are determined by thoughts, physical responses and emotions. To recognize that negative citizen contacts and post pursuit syndrome are emotionally driven and stressful. To identify law enforcement as a culture. To know citizen contact and post pursuit tactics. To acknowledge law enforcement authority and how to keep it in check.

 

LE-13 Basic and Power Handcuffing:

Nationally known experts start at the basics of handcuffing. The program moves into advanced techniques including power cuffing. Because it’s not always safe or even possible to cuff in the prone position, safe, effective alternatives are taught.

Objectives: To understand that handcuffing is the most commonly used tactical skill, yet is seldom practiced. To learn the 11 golden rules of handcuffing. To understand the different levels of non-compliance and how to react to each. To learn the power cuffing method, beginning with stance. To understand the five basic power handcuffing techniques. To know that you must control subject, handcuff and then search, in that order.

   

LE-15 Street Level Fitness:

Fit Force, a division of Human Kinetics, brings you their highly regarded patrol officer fitness program.

Objectives: To learn the six components of physical fitness. To understand the four factors that affect levels of physical fitness and on-duty performance. To know certain steps to manage detrimental health factors. To realize that moderation is the key to success to improve job performance.

 

LE-16 Field Interviewing: Recognition of Deception:

An in-depth look at subject interviewing for the first responder. The focus is on recognizing deception and deceptive behavior in subjects. A lesson in neurolinguistics (eye movement) is featured in this program. This video will help you understand patterns of behavior in subjects that you interview, and will assist you in getting the most out of any interview situation.

Objectives: To learn the three basic objectives of a field interview. To understand the problems with conducting a field interview. To know the three typical ways that a suspect will lie. To recognize how the physical changes of the body’s defense mechanism will change as the level of deception increases. To understand the zones of behavior. To have a working knowledge of neurolinguistics and how they apply to interviewing.

 

LE-17 Firearms and Use of Cover:

This program begins with basic firearms techniques. Demonstrations of techniques for survival when under fire are included. Individual and partner drills are shown. The critical area of cover and use of cover are shown in detail. All demonstrations include live fire drills.

Objectives: To understand the fundamentals of shooting and to recognize how stress affects a shooting situation. To understand firearm safety. To learn general guidelines for natural stance. To know proper grip and trigger control. To realize that verbalization is important to officer survival. To learn the natural points of body armor. To learn how to use cover and concealment.

 

LE-18 Anger Management I:

This program deals with the relationship between anger and citizen complaints against officers. Learn how you will be the beneficiary of any effort you make to improve your human relations skills. Experts show you why anger management skills are the most critical human relations tool in law enforcement work.

Objectives: To understand that simple anger is a major cause of complaints and lawsuits against police officers. To understand how complaints and lawsuits can shatter lives and careers. To identify and avoid behaviors that tend to increase anger and hostility levels in officer-citizen contacts. To improve anger management skills in general.

 

LE-19 Use of Force- The Keys to Lawful Use:

Trains the officer in using force in a lawful manner. This program will show you, first hand, how the courts will view your use of force. Step by step, the viewer is taken through a force continuum. Learn what must be done to assure that your use of force is lawful.

Objectives: To learn the three keys to the lawful use of force. To define key terms such as: deadly force, non-deadly force, reasonably necessary, assaultive behavior, among others. To explain the use of force continuum and the concept of "proportionality."

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LE-20 Making Your Case and Making it Stick Part II-Arrests and the Miranda Rule:

Bob Thomas trains in seizures of persons and the application of the Miranda rule.

Objectives: To understand Miranda, fourth amendment, voluntariness and right to counsel. To recognize when the Miranda applies and does not apply. To learn three categories of encounters: voluntary contacts, investigative detentions, arrests. To know how to document the Miranda Warnings and interview to strengthen your case. To define voluntary or spontaneous utterances. To discuss the liability concerns of detention, arrests and the Miranda.

 

LE-21 Domestic Violence Part I:

Tactical and legal issues surrounding domestic violence response. Special focus on first responder/victim assistance.

Objectives: To have a working definition of domestic violence and abuse. To understand the kinds of domestic violence. To know that domestic violence affects all domestic violence calls. to discuss the liability concerns of these calls.

 

LE-22 Domestic Violence Part II:

Training in responding to calls of child and elderly abuse, death threats and stalking. Discussions of departmental policies and their limitations. Liability issues discussed in depth.

Objectives: To understand the extent and lasting effects of child abuse and to look for clues that children who have witnessed abuse exhibit. To recognize the cues for potential lethal attack in domestic calls. To understand the situations for custodial arrest. To see elderly abuse as an increasingly major problem and to recognize the kinds of elderly abuse.

 

LE-23 1997 Supreme Court Update:

Reviewing 1997 United States Supreme Court rulings that affect law enforcement. This program will be issued each year to update your department.

Objectives: To understand lawful authority to control passengers in lawfully stopped vehicles. To understand the weapons frisk authority in stopped vehicles. To understand the "knock and announce" requirement applicable to forced entries of private premises. To understand what pretextual stops of motor vehicles are and the conditions under which they can be lawfully performed. To understand rules applicable to seeking consent from a motorist who was stopped because of a traffic law violation.

 

LE-24 Core Transactions I- Officer-Citizen Contacts/Seizures of Persons:

This tape deals with the legal concepts involved in the effective management of officer-citizen contacts. The attorneys take you through the three legal categories that EVERY officer-citizen contact falls into. Examples are given on how to control an encounter before it escalates into an intrusion. Learn when a voluntary contact becomes a seizure.

Objectives: To know the difference between a voluntary contact and a seizure of a person. To list at least four advantages of using voluntary contacts, rather than seizures of persons. To understand the Fourth Amendment’s basic "reasonableness" requirements as applied to seizures of persons. To explain the kinds of words that should be avoided when establishing voluntary contacts.

 

LE-25 Emergency Vehicle Operations:

See why driving accidents often cause more problems and harm than merely civil liability exposures. Police attorneys explain that most police related driving accidents are not pursuit related. Explanation of how the courts define an emergency vehicle.

Objectives: Understand why driving may be the riskiest part of the officer’s work day. Learn at least three risks of police related vehicular accidents other than possible civil liability. Understand the three conditions in most states in order for the officer to gain exemption from the ordinary rules of the road. To remember that intentional contact with another occupied vehicle is a use of force and in some cases, deadly force.

 

LE-26 Drug Enforcement I- "Street Sellers":

This tape teaches how to win big in drug enforcement. Experts show how to win your criminal case, win asset forfeiture and win in court, if sued. The Fourth Amendment is key to this video. You will see the myths of profiling. Examples are given regarding non-search and consent proactive enforcement strategies are discussed.

Objectives: To understand the legal and practical benefits of supercharging your Fourth Amendment knowledge and avoiding the Fourth Amendment rules. To properly use "profiling." To know what kinds of actions and observations do not involve the Fourth Amendment and are okay whether or not you have reasonable suspicion or probably cause.

 

LE-27 Line Officer Tactical Shotgun:

Virtually every squad car in the country is outfitted with a shotgun. Most are seldom used. This video deals with the reality that the shotgun is an extremely accurate, useful tool. Sergeant Mike King demonstrates tactical shotgun techniques using live fire. Also demonstrated are specialty rounds: OC and beanbag loads.

Objectives: To understand the flexibility and fire power of the shotgun. To identify the various kinds of shotgun ammunition and their uses. To recognize the three different search positions using the shotgun. To know the agency’s use of force policy concerning the shotgun and to recognize possible liabilities and risks when using lethal force.

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LE-28 Line Officer Survival and Safety- Building Searches, Frisks and Equipment:

This video deals with some of the most common duties of a law enforcement officer. Training is given in safety and survival during building searches, citizen contacts and vehicle stops. Have a plan, stop, look and listen, etc.

Objectives: To understand the basics of safe building searches. To acquire positive communication skills in citizen contacts. To learn how to safely pat down a suspect in the field. To maximize law enforcement effectiveness and to minimize exposure to legal risks.

 

LE-29 Drug Enforcement I- Airports, Hotels and Buses (Profiling):

In this program, you’ll see how to fight a war on drugs with an increasing crime rate and a decreasing budget. The need to win in court every time is explored. The experts show how to take a proactive approach. See how and why to legally profile. Training is given in developing separate profiles.

Objectives: To be able to recognize the benefits of using voluntary (non-custodial) contacts rather than seizures of person. To know the definition of profiling. To identify the U.S. Supreme Court decision that approves profiling. To be able to list factors that are common in various profiles. To understand whether or not denial of consent can be used as (or toward) reasonable suspicion and/or probable cause.

 

LE-30 Drug Enforcement II: Airports, Hotels and Buses (Seizures/Non-Seizures:

This video will teach you, among other things, the difference between seizures and non-seizures. Find out when you need probable cause and/or reasonable suspicion. Training in profiling and suspicion factors is given. You will be taught the principles and strategies of abandonment.

Objectives: To identify which form of officer-citizen contact (seizure or non-seizure) is generally the most productive and lowest risk. To know the factors which cause a seizure (custodial) to occur. To recognize the situations in which abandonment occurs. To identify three investigative tools that typically do not implicate (involve) the Fourth Amendment and, therefore, do not require any factual justification.

 

LE-31 Forced Entries: Legal Risks:

This program trains you in the four ways an officer can lawfully enter a home. You will be taught why non-consensual entries is one of the most legally dangerous things an officer can do. The experts will teach you what exigent circumstances are and how they apply to entries.

Objectives: To appreciate that non-custodial entry into a home is both legally and physically dangerous. To be able to list the four ways to legally enter a home. To understand that sometimes a search warrant is required to enter a home merely to arrest someone present there. To understand "search" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. To list the two elements of exigent circumstances as explained in the video and study guide. To state whether or not it is legally safe for an officer to assume whether loud music constitutes exigent circumstances. To identify the additional requirement, beyond an arrest warrant, necessary to enter a prospective arrestee’s residence in order to arrest him.

 

LE-32 Principles of Officer Safety and Survival:

Features "Coach" Bob Lindsey. Demonstrates survival skills for officers. Both physical and mental aspects of survival are explored. Coach outlines his now famous "30 second drill" that is a must for all officers.

Objectives: To understand the concept of threat recognition. To recognize your own skill level and limitations. To understand the five mentioned levels of control. To understand Coach’s "30 second drill." To understand the importance of maintaining a reactionary gap. To know how to establish, maintain and control the distance.

 

LE-33 Control Holds and Takedowns:

Larry Smith, San Diego P.D. (retired), demonstrates a variety of empty hands control techniques. Learn how quickly, safely and effectively control subjects in a way that may help to lessen the need to move up the force continuum.

Objectives: To understand that positioning, awareness and goals are all components of successful compliance holds. To recognize that these holds are used to gain compliance without having to escalate to higher force. To understand that psychological factors may be the most unpredictable element in compliance holds. To realize that skill, technique, survival attitude and the ability to recognize when to escalate or de-escalate make a good combination for gaining compliance.

 

LE-34 Handgun Retention- 5 Holstered Techniques:

Trainers from the National Law Enforcement Training Center demonstrate Jim Lindell’s handgun retention techniques. Practical, proven techniques that will help any officer who faces an attempted disarming. Deals with defending against attempted disarmings of a holstered weapon.

Objectives: To learn five solid holstered weapon retention techniques. To recognize that a tug of war type situation can and must be avoided. To understand that these techniques will work well in most situations. To learn how to properly secure your handgun. To understand and learn the stance, grips and strikes needed to apply these techniques.

 

LE-35 Handgun Retention II- Drawn Gun and Disarming Techniques:

Weapon retention expert Bill Conroy teaches techniques for defending against an assailant trying to disarm an officer’s drawn gun. Also teaches an officer techniques for regaining control in the event of being disarmed.

Objectives: To learn the seven handgun retention principles of officer survival. To learn the four drawn gun retention techniques. To be able to perform the four most essential disarming techniques. The five major points regarding practice, and to understand that practice is critical.

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LE-36 Edged Weapon Defense and Disarming Techniques:

Defensive tactics experts demonstrate tactics to use when confronted with an edged weapon attack. Includes knife "take away" techniques.

Objectives: To learn the defense and disarming techniques necessary when facing a suspect with an edged weapon. To learn how quickly a knife wielding suspect can close the gap. To know that all techniques should originate from the power stance. To learn the methods of knife attack. To learn basic disarming blocks. To understand the importance of verbal commands in knife attacks. To learn the safe removal of a knife from a suspect’s hand.

 

LE-37 Traffic Stops- Unknown Risk Vehicle Contacts:

Safety and awareness are the focus of this video. This program deals with what used to be called "ordinary" stops. The trainers want to get the terms "routine" and "low risk" out of your vocabulary.

Objectives: To know that the is inherent risk in any stop. To know the five common reasons for conducting a stop. To learn troublesome places to stop a car. To understand three basic vehicle stop positions. To learn non-approach concerns. To understand the problems with night stops.

 

LE-38 OC Counter Assault/Fighting Through Pepper Spray:

Demonstrates survival techniques for officers that have been sprayed with pepper spray. Most officers are skilled in using OC, but counter-assault has too often been ignored. If OC is carried by your department or is in your community, you’ll take a hit sooner or later. This video helps prepare you for that inevitability.

Objectives: To learn positive alternative survival tactics when faced with an adversary armed with OC. To learn what OC is and how it works. To know some common reactions to OC spray. To learn post spray handling and decontamination methods. To understand the importance of being aware of the environment, especially wind. To learn how to use vertical structures as protection. To learn tactical options that are important to your survival. To understand that you CAN survive an OC attack and to never give up.

 

LE-39 Officer Stress Management I- Stress of the Gunfight:

Deals with post shooting incident stress. Features three officers involved in very different shootings. They tell their stories and talk candidly about how they dealt with the stress. Police Chaplain Bill Derryberry gives his recommendations to both officers and managers.

Objectives: To understand that stress is a normal reaction to a gunfight. To learn how to deal with it. To learn the factors that can affect and create stress. To know what the failure to deal with stress could lead to. To know that the gunfight affects officers in two ways: physiologically and psychologically. To understand the Mitchell Model. To help the officer return to work healthy and alive following a shooting.

 

LE-40 Serving Search Warrants:

ALERT camera crews rode along with the Palm Beach County entry team as they executed search warrants. Included are the "chalk talks" prior to raids. Live footage of forced entries throughout the program includes the use of various distraction devices.

Objectives: To understand that safety must be the number one concern when serving search warrants. To learn the problem areas in serving search warrants. To understand the importance of good site intelligence prior to entry. To know EXACTLY the evidence in a search warrant. To learn that one person should be in charge of the location. To understand "knock and announce." To understand the importance of filing accurate affidavits. To know the definition of probable cause.

 

LE-42 Contact and Cover and Team Shooting Concepts:

Live fire demonstrations of dim light shooting, moving targets and team shooting. Includes segment on urban setting shooting. Proper use of verbal warning prior to shooting is taught.

Objectives: To understand that training is critical in the decision making process to shoot. To learn two important court decisions involving firearms training. To understand that verbalization is an important key to officer survival. To know team shooting techniques. To learn how to "lead" to hit a moving target. To understand the most dangerous conditions with a subject. To learn the principles of contact and cover. To understand the responsibilities of the cover officer.

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LE-43 Gang Recognition:

A look at recognizing gang members and their affiliation. Tattoos, graffiti, and apparel are shown and explained. Teaches how to recognize early stages of gang activity. Describes gang "psyche" and deals with the regional differences in gangs and the way they operate. Has been approved for use by community relations officers in presentations to teachers and parents.

Objectives: To know the definition of "street gang." To recognize basic graffiti, hand signals and apparel of gang members. To know the ways to classify someone as a gang member. To learn how gang members communicate.

 

LE-44 Managing Force Escalations:

The program deals with a major issue in American society—use of force by police. Explanations of how improper use of force can have devastating effects on the officer and the agency. The underlying causes of unacceptable force escalations are explained.

Objectives: To appreciate the importance of assuring that any force used be "reasonable." Be familiar with the constitutional standard of "reasonable necessity" and the Graham vs. Connor case. To learn the five factors that could cause a force escalation to be judged unreasonable. To understand and identify four components of a well balanced force management project. To know three payoffs that result from good anger management.

 

LE-45 First Response to Armed and Barricaded Situations 1:

Objectives: To know the four kinds of barricaded situations. To understand which barricaded situation is the most dangerous. To recognize the three elements that affect communication with others. To have a basis understanding of the profile of a barricaded or hostage taker individual. To know why time is the most crucial factor in resolving a crisis situation. To have a basic vocabulary of an armed barricaded situation. To recognize the ABC’s of a successful resolution of crisis.

 

LE-46 Subject Control and Compliance 1- Force Continuum and Relative Positioning:

Objectives: To learn the basic levels of the force continuum. To know the levels of resistance. To comprehend the importance of maintaining the Reactionary Gap in officer/citizen contacts. To understand basics of relative positioning. To know the most dangerous level position when trying to control subject. To recognize the components of a safe field interview position. To recognize the elements of the escort position. To know the five factors of force escalation that increase liability risks.

 

LE-47 Sexual Harassment in Law Enforcement I- The Harasser’s Behavior: (sent with LE-48)

Objectives: To realize that avoiding sexual harassment is really just part of exercising good human relations skills in the workplace. To understand that somewhere in the vicinity of 60-70% of women believe that they have been sexually harassed in the workplace. To appreciate the fact that sexual harassment in the workplace costs government hundreds of millions of dollars per year. To list six of the eleven examples of unacceptable sexually oriented behavior mentioned in part 1 of this training. To identify the three key issues for problem solving, according to this training. To list the three "harasser’s behaviors" that are singled out for special discussion in this training. Follows Federal law. Does not address specific differences with Massachusetts regulations.

 

LE-48 Sexual Harassment in Law Enforcement II- Role of Victim and Administration: (sent with LE-47)

Objectives: To state the main thing the victim of harassment must do as part of her role in solving the problem of sexual harassment. To identify the other important step the victim of harassment may need to take to help solve sexual harassment problems. To list six of the eleven action steps the victim of harassment might take (according to the Woman’s Legal Defense Fund). To list at least four specific things managers and administrators must do in order to prevent and solve problems of sexual harassment. To recognize that according to a 1998 decision of the United States Supreme Court, men can commit hostile working environment sexual harassment of other men. Follows Federal law. Does not address specific differences with Massachusetts regulations.

 

LE-49 First Aid for First Responders I-Heart Attacks and Adult CPR:

Objectives: To learn the professional concerns and liabilities that come with the fundamental duty to serve mankind and safeguard not only property, but also lives. To understand that first responders might be the first line of hope for citizens who experience heart attacks. To realize the symptoms of those experiencing or who are about to experience heart attacks. To know the basic ABC’s of CPR, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. To know that CVR (Compressions, Ventilations, and Ratio) are important in CPR. To recognize when, why, and how one must continue CPR. To understand how an AED (Automatic External Defibrillator) can increase a citizen’s chance in survival.

 

LE-50 Professional Ethics in Law Enforcement:

Objectives: To have a working definition of personal and professional ethics. To understand the meaning of values, morality, integrity, honesty, promise keeping, loyalty, respect, accountability, equality, equity and caring. To realize that almost 98% of law enforcement work in officer/citizen contacts is verbal interaction. To know five basis ethical principles. To acknowledge the reasons for unethical acts. To understand the liabilities and risks associated with unethical conduct while on and off-duty as a law enforcement officer.

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LE-51 Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion Part 1: The Concepts

Objectives: To state the ultimate and fundamental requirements of the Fourth Amendment. To appreciate the relationship between "reasonableness" and factual justification. To define reasonable suspicion and define probable cause. To state the Illinois v. Gates description of probable cause. To accurately compare PC and RS to other evidentiary standards. To as best as possible, attempt to quantify PC and RS in terms of percentage of likelihood. To note the significance of the term "articulable suspicion" and compare it to "reasonable suspicion". To identify one method (for testimony) of helping people appreciate the weight of your suspicion factors at any given point in a transaction.

 

LE-52 The Miranda Rule: Myths and Truths:

Objectives: To state whether or not a strategy of intentional Miranda rule violations can be a factor in creating illegal coercion and civil liability. To identify the factor (circumstances) that gives rise to a Miranda requirement in police interrogation efforts. To name the U.S. Supreme Court decision that defines "custody" for purposes of the Miranda rule. To explain the implications of the "Edward’s Rule"—when there is assertion of the right to counsel by and in-custody subject exposed to police interrogation efforts. To explain the implications of the "Mosley Rule"- when there is assertion of the right to silence by and in-custody subject exposed to police interrogation efforts. To identify the point in a criminal proceeding that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel "attaches". To list the two occurrences either of which signal "formal charging" within the meaning of the Sixth Amendment. To state whether or not Miranda rights protect people who are not in arrest custody. To state whether or not the Sixth Amendment right to counsel protects people who are not in arrest custody. To explain the implications of the "Jackson Rule"- when there is assertion of the right to counsel by a subject who has been formally charged but is not necessarily in custody.

 

LE-53 The View in 1998: Court Decisions That Affect Law Enforcement:

Objectives: To know whether or not a public employee has a constitutionally protected right to falsely deny, in an administrative investigation, involvement in misconduct. To understand whether or not a public employee can be punished both for established misconduct and for falsely denying that misconduct. To realize whether or not city or county government may be held liable for a bad hiring decision if it results in that hire violating someone’s constitutional rights. To identify the standard {created by the U.S. Supreme Court in Board of County Commissioners of Bryan County, Oklahoma v. Brown (1998)} used to decide whether or not a city or county government should be held liable for a bad hiring. To be able to explain the "Brady Rule" (Brady v. Maryland, 1963). To be able to explain the effect on law enforcement agencies of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Kyles v. Whitley (1995)

 

LE-54 Effective Courtroom Testimony I- Preparing for Court:

Objectives: To Understand the importance and the liabilities of professional and personal credibility when testifying in civil and criminal trials, depositions, probable cause hearings, and suppression hearings. To realize the significance of knowing federal and state case law. To know the ramifications of the Fourth Amendment in law enforcement activities. To articulate the following concepts and associated justifications: Reasonable Suspicion, Probable Cause, Seizures, Non-Seizures, Custody, Searches, Non-Searches, Exigent Circumstances, and the use of Force. To articulate professional law enforcement experience and training.

 

LE-55 Effective Courtroom Testimony II- Principles and Performance:

Objectives: To understand the importance and the liabilities of professional and personal credibility when testifying in civil and criminal trials, depositions, probable cause hearings, and suppression hearings. To realize that a professional and positive attitude counts and that you might not get a second chance to make a first impression. To know the basic principles of effective courtroom testimony. To articulate the facts and your observations in plain English and to avoid police jargon and talk, especially 10-codes. To keep professional notes, reports and tapes and avoid derogatory, bias, off-color remarks that could be used against you. To be honest and forthcoming with information that might affect the outcome or your credibility in a case with a prosecutor.

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IN THE LINE OF DUTY

Programs beginning with LE-56 are produced by In-The-Line-Of Duty, Inc. These programs utilize actual event footage from police video cameras.

LE-56 Trooper Coates Shooting Volume I Program 4 :

One of the most powerful law enforcement training videos ever produced. A veteran trooper is killed along a South Carolina highway, despite the fact that he shoots and hits the suspect five times at center mass with his 357 service revolver.

 

LE-57 Irate Motorist: Volume I Program 5:

A traffic stop in Maine enrages a motorist to the point where extraordinary restraint must be used. Although some of this footage was widely disseminated through the media. Maine State Police officers are interviewed to show how a potentially dangerous situation was effectively quelled.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, offers should be able to:

Emphasize the importance of a sound tactical approach/stance when on traffic stops. Demonstrate how his or her demeanor may keep a volatile situation from escalating. Discuss the importance of using discretion and exercising good judgment at all times. Recognize instances in which giving too much information to an emotionally disturbed individual can worsen a situation.

 

LE-58 Flea Market Shooting Volume I Program 10:

Police officers in Carlisle Township (PA) kill a deranged homicide suspect at crowded flea market after he lunges car parts, and then himself at them.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Demonstrate the need for preplanning approaches for the apprehension of suspect (s) in public areas. To show that there are times when less-than lethal force is not a viable option. To demonstrate the importance of knowing what your duty ammunition will do. To discuss the need for press releases in deadly force situations.

 

LE-59 Safeway Store Hostage- Volume I Program II:

Renton (WA) Police implement successful use of OC spray after a mentally-disturbed woman grabs a butcher knife from a store shelf and takes an employee hostage at a neighborhood Safeway store.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Emphasize the need for taking control in a hostage situation. Reinforce the need for a response plan to emergency situations. Show the benefits of resorting to less-than-lethal force in some situations. Stress the importance of good communication.

 

LE-60 Hit and Run- Volume 2 Program I:

A South Carolina State Trooper is nearly killed by a drunken motorist while he is on the side of a highway making a traffic stop. Also, a Georgia State Trooper is severely injured by a drunken motorist while in the process of citing a motorist during a late-night traffic stop. Critical issues are analyzed and explored.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Give examples on just how dangerous traffic stops can be. Discuss alternate approaches to roadside vehicle stops. Illustrate the importance of training and how it pertains to clear thinking in emergency situations. Discuss the role of civilians in police emergencies.

 

LE-61 D.U.I. analysis: Volume 2 Program 2:

D.U.I. arrests are analyzed for safety, procedure, tactics and technique.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Discuss the signs to look for in DUI cases. Demonstrate the need for good communication skills when dealing with the impaired driver. Show that officers should be prepared for the unexpected that may arise when dealing with an intoxicated driver. Stress the importance of making safety the priority for the officer and the offender during DUI stops. Emphasize the need for good follow-up and accurate report writing

 

LE-62 Convenience Store Robberies Decline:Volume 2 Program: 3

The Gainesville (FL) Police Department has been successful in reducing convenience store robberies through simple pro-active measures and new laws. This program will be of interest to any agency attempting to thwart robberies at convenience stores in their own municipalities. Dramatic surveillance video is included.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Evaluate the convenience store robbery issue. Emphasize the necessity of police and community partnership to proactively attack this problem. Discuss safety measures that can combat robberies. Look at ways to get laws passed to make stores safer.

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LE-63 Gun Safety/ 3II Non-Emergency- Volume 2 Program 5:

A Los Angeles police officer loses a finger while retrieving a shotgun from a rooftop. Plus, the Baltimore (MD) Police Department’s success with their new 3-1-1 system for non-emergency calls is covered.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Demonstrate that tactics must be an important consideration in handling weapons. Recognize that danger is still present even after a suspect is taken into custody. Discuss what can be done to stay alert to possible dangers. Understand how a 311 non-emergency system works.

 

LE-64 Vest Saves Deputy’s Life- Volume 2 Program 8:

Dramatic documentation of a Georgia sheriff’s deputy who was shot twice at point-blank range by a teenager, but was saved thanks to his body armor. Complete, in-depth interview with the deputy provides invaluable officer safety and survival tips. Plus, Rochester (MN) officers learn how to use defibrillators and are credited with saving numerous lives as a result. Terrific pro-active segment.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Make safe approaches to what seem to be low-risk stops. Emphasize the importance of preparing, planning and training for armed encounters. Demonstrate the need for wearing protective vests. Look at ways to make protective vests more comfortable so they will be more inclined to wear them.

 

LE-65 Officer Killed/ Rail Safety- Volume 2 Program 9:

A Southern California detective dies after being struck by a train during an evidence search alongside railroad tracks. The Brea(CA) Police Department shares critical safety lessons it learned from the detective’s unfortunate death.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: understand the circumstances surrounding the death of a veteran California police detective. Demonstrate the inherent dangers of‘working near a rail yard or track. Emphasize the need for rail safety training.

 

LE-66 Trooper Knife Fight- Volume 2 Program II:

A Georgia State Trooper is involved in a knife fight with an ex-offender at a truck stop. This amazing incident will prove the immeasurable value of preparation and training for the unexpected, of which all officers must be aware. In-depth interview with trooper included.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Identify what safety precautions should be taken in a vehicle search. Consider various defense tactics to use if a subject becomes unruly or does not obey verbal commands. Determine the appropriate actions to be taken once a subject has been wounded but is no longer a threat to the officer. Recognize lessons to be learned from this incident.

 

LE-67 Hood River Multi-Speed Chase- Volume 3 Program 5

When a subject steals a truck and large boat, law enforcement officials in Hood River, Oregon swing into action. They are faced with a pursuit that covers all the bases: High speed, low speed, hard surface, and off-road. Also, learn how critical body armor is after a St. Louis County (MO) officer is struck directly in the chest by a bullet. And, a defensive tactics expert has vital follow-up analysis of the Georgia Knife Fight (Volume 2, Program 11)

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Identify the variety of vehicle pursuits which can take place. Analyze the options an officer can take during a vehicle pursuit. Evaluate the safety issues which are always present during and after a vehicle pursuit. Discuss other miscellaneous issues relating to a vehicle pursuit.

 

LE-68 Safe Stops in Traffic Passenger Side Approach- Volume 3 Program 9:

Several incidents in which officers have either been injured or killed during traffic stops are examined. The incidents are analyzed for safety procedures, and new techniques for remaining safe during traffic stops are discussed. Especially important for officers who make stops on a regular basis.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Outline some of the dangerous situations and elements that face an officer when he or she exits his or her vehicle. Recognize some of the precautions that can be taken when an officer exits or re-enters his or her vehicle. Identify the procedural steps for the passenger side approach. Identify other locations for using the radio and writing tickets.

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LE-69 Idaho High-Risk Stop Felony Stop Demonstration Volume 3 Program 10:

This course covers high risk and felony stops centering on the Bonner County Idaho incident in which a young Idaho Deputy Sheriff was struck by a teenage motorist.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Recognize a number of issues present in the high risk/felony stop. Identify the basic procedures used in the Brunswick, Georgia High risk stop demonstration. Identify the significant points Jim Crotty suggests be followed in the he high risk/ felony stop. Utilize the public address system successfully in a high risk/felony stop.

 

LE-70 Idaho Trooper Shot (vest saves life) New training Handcuffs Volume 4 Progam 1:

Idaho State Trooper Gonzales is shot at pointblank range yet still assists in the arrest of the offender. Analysis and interviews with Gonzales and other troopers involved plus excerpts from the I.S. P.’s own video training documentation.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Recognize a number of issues present in a routine traffic stop including a potential decoy method. Know all the capabilities/potential problems of your weapon. Recognize the importance of the safety vest. Identify the basic procedures of the single handed cuffing technique and the need to practice cuffing.

 

LE-71 Texas Homicide Suspect Commits Suicide & Short Stroking Prevention Volume 4 Program 2:

A homicide suspect driving through a rural Texas community is stopped by D.P.S. officers. He exits his vehicle-then returns to it and pulls out a gun. Despite verbal commands and facing drawn service weapons, the subject points the gun to his head and pulls the trigger. Officers involved discuss and analyze their response to this incident, their tactics in making the original stop, and the lessons learned.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Identify the issues present in a probably cause stop. Discuss and analyze the means used to approach the subject and other options. Identify problems that can occur when a suspect returns to his/her vehicle. Understand the need for cover position and communication with a cover officer. Know how to prevent short stroking of a weapon.

 

LE-72 Albuquerque Hostage-Sniper Incident Standing Modified Search Volume 4 Program 3:

A bank robbery suspect who had taken a female employee hostage is mortally wounded by a member of the Albuquerque S.W.A.T. team. This is only training documentation of the incident and includes complete information and analysis by the actual officer responsible for stopping the subject. In "Back-Up" is an excellent demonstration on the Standing Modified Search.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Recognize the critical issues present in a bank robbery situation that enabled the officers to contain the individual at the scene. Understand the relationship between first responders and SWAT teams in controlling the scene and negotiating with a suspect. Recognize the dangers present in rushing a scene after a suspect is brought down. Identify the basic elements of the "standing modified search" procedure.

 

LE-73 Child Abuse Backup- Area of Control and Pat Down Tip Volume 4 Program 4:

Critical information for street cops in the recognition of child abuse and in-depth information from Minneapolis Police Department’s "Child Abuse" Unit.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Recognize the types of child abuse and be able to describe the "team approach" to dealing with child abuse. Identify the key elements of the child abuse investigation process. Identify key indicators of physical and sexual abuse and the most important signs for detecting it. Understand some important interview procedures for parents, children, and what to look for in the interview process.

 

LE-74 Mass Traffic Accidents- Drug Concealment Spots Volume 4 Program 5:

Two of the largest mass traffic accidents in recent U.S. history are analyzed by the Missouri Highway Patrol and the Virginia State Police. Vital first-time training for dealing with large-scale traffic accidents and multiple injury incidents. "Lessons learned" in traffic reporting, accident report writing, and incident command.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Recognize the issues present in the Missouri mass traffic incident. Recognize the issues present in the Virginia mass traffic incident. Understand the importance of field command in a mass traffic situation and the necessity of upper echelon command support for all responding personnel. Understand the importance of creating the best record possible of a mass traffic accident situation so the final report can be prepared and utilized by a number of agencies and companies.

 

LE-75 Irate Trucker: Big Rig/Drug Concealment Volume 4 Program 6:

A sheriff's deputy makes a nighttime stop of a speeding truck driver who becomes extremely belligerent, even though he'd been stopped a short time earlier for the same infraction. In-depth interview with the contact officer. Additionally, complete analysis and review of this very tense situation, its outcome, and many lessons learned. Also, an excellent tutorial by Jim Crotty of 'Strategies for Officer Survival' on the unique situations officers face stopping large vehicles.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Emphasize the importance of a sound tactical approach/stance when on traffic stops. Demonstrate how his or her demeanor may keep a volatile situation from escalating. Discuss the importance of using discretion and exercising good judgment at all times. Recognize instances in which giving too much information to an emotionally disturbed individual can worsen a situation.

 

LE-76 Crime Scene Preservation- Body Armor Legislation Accident Safety Volume 4 Program 7:

This program promises to be an invaluable edition for police officer training. It features Dee Heil, formerly a lead homicide investigator for the Illinois State police. Mr. Heil brings his many years of expertise to bear graphically showing street officers the critical first steps need when coming onto a major crime scene. The program features explicit crime scene video and photos with Mr. Heil explaining in detail the areas of utmost concern for officers charged with protecting crime scenes. Not only is there graphic crime scene video and photos used in this tutorial but also Mr. Heil walks thru a simulated homicide scene point-by point for officers. A critical training resource for law enforcement.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course officers should be able to: Identify the basic points the "first responder" should follow after arriving at a crime scene and crime scene tips. Recognize key steps to follow at a rape scene and identify crime scene tips. Recognize key steps to follow at an arson scene and identify crime scene tips. Recognize key steps to follow at a nighttime scene. Understand the significance of "everything" at the crime scene and describe the notes for first responders. Understand the "basics" of the proposed body armor legislation initiatives being undertaken across the country. Identify three basic equipment needs/procedural steps that will help protect officers that are working an accident scene.

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LE-77 (OH) Kehoe Brother’s Shoot- Out Volume 4 Program 8:

The first complete training documentation ever produced dealing with the dramatic shoot-out in Ohio between law enforcement and the Kehoe brothers, known para-military extremists. This will include in-depth training interviews with both officers involved and will provide the first-ever crucial "lessons learned" and officer safety and survival tips. The complete video, of course, will be used in this tutorial by the two officers involved in one of law enforcement's most extraordinary incidents ever caught on cruiser cam. Additionally, a training tutorial from Jim Crotty of 'Strategies for Officer Survival' will be included zeroing in on the critical first moments of concealment and cover for an officer in a lethal force incident. DAMAGED

 

LE-78 Multi-Ethnic Community Policing D.V. Sensitivity:

This course covers the multi-ethnic policing programs used in Fresno, California. They include the neighborhood watch program, neighborhood patrol program, and Citizens on Patrol (COP) program. Anne O’ Dell also provides an excellent example for police officers to visualize the difficulty domestic violence or rape victims may have in providing strangers intimate details of an attack.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Recognize the language and cultural barriers that now exist in a number of communities throughout the United States and the hardship this poses for law enforcement. Identify the basic features of the Fresno community policing project which includes the Citizens on Patrol (COP) program. Recognize the importance of trust and education as key ingredients in any community policing program. Exhibit sensitivity for domestic violence or rape victims who have to tell an interviewing officer intimate details of an attack.

 

LE-79 Suicide by Cop PRIsim Firearms Training Volume 4 Program 10:

This course illustrates a "suicide by cop" situation in Stafford County, Virginia. It also covers the new PRIsim Firearms Training System recently installed by the Fairfax County Police Department.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Know what "suicide by cop" means and some statistics that illustrate the frequency of this type incident. Recognize some key signs that Stafford County, Virginia officers observed during and after an incident by which they came to realize they were in a "suicide by cop" situation. Identify "suicide by cop" indicators. Recognize the importance of integrated training approaches and changes made in Stafford County, Virginia firearms training. Identify some key benefits of the PRIsim Firearms Training System.

 

LE-80 Warren Hot Pursuit EVOC Training Volume 4 Program II:

This course highlights a "hot pursuit" incident that occurred following a bank Warren, Michigan. In this situation, the robber was a skilled driver- a police officer who had been with a suburban Detroit Police department for three years. The Emergency Vehicle Operation and Control (EVOC) facility in San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Office is also reviewed. It is considered one of the top law-enforcement driving course training facilities in the country

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to : Identify some of the problems encountered and maneuvers utilized by the officers in the Warren, Michigan hot pursuit. Identify some of the potential risks the officers took after stopping the robber’s vehicle. Recognize the problems dispatchers may have with garbled or incoherent communication by law enforcement personnel. Describe some of the features of the San Bernardino County (CA) Sheriff’s Office Emergency Vehicle Operation and Control (EVOC) facility.

 

LE-81 Gangs Update / Backup: Monterey (CA) Youth Diversion Program Volume 4 Program 12:

This course looks at the growing problem of street gangs; their tendencies and characteristics. Special emphasis is placed on black, white Hispanic, prison and Asian gangs. Hate groups and European gangs are also examined.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, officers should be able to: Identify gang characteristics, identify gang tendencies, identify basic graffiti, identify basic gang identifiers.