Responding to symptoms of heat illness

Heat illness can escalate quickly, so knowing the signs and what to do in the moment can save lives.

Heat illness shows up in a range of ways:

• Early signs include heavy sweating, fatigue, dizziness, headache, and muscle cramps.

• Heat exhaustion brings nausea, thirst, irritability, weakness, and reduced urine output.

• Heat stroke, the most dangerous condition, may cause confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, or hot, dry skin. This is a medical emergency. It’s important to act immediately if a worker reports feeling unwell or exhibits any of these symptoms.

What to do

For mild symptoms like heat cramps or faintness:

• Move the person to a shaded or air-conditioned area.
• Have the person sit or lie down.
• Offer water or electrolyte replenishing fluids.
• Apply cool compresses if available.

For heat exhaustion, loosen clothing and wet the skin with cool water. If symptoms worsen or persist, seek medical attention.

For heat stroke, call 911 right away. While waiting for emergency services:

• Move the person to a cool space.
• Use cold compresses on the head, neck, armpits, and groin.
• Fan air over the person or use ice packs if available.

A reminder for all workers

Hydrate frequently (even if not thirsty) and avoid caffeinated drinks. Also, wear light clothing and take breaks in the shade. Supervisors should monitor workers, especially new hires and those returning after time away, as they are most vulnerable during their first days on the job.